1960

Famous People

Martin Luther King Born January 15, 1929, Martin Luther King was a famous civil rights supporter and activist, who was at his height in the sixties. He lead the civil rights movement in the U.S. and campaigned nonviolent protests against segregation and racial discrimination. During the sixties he wrote, that is was his moral duty to disobey unjust laws. Also, he gave his famous, “I Have a Dream” speech at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. He won the Noble Peace Prize in 1964. He was black to become Time magazine’s man of the year. In 1965, he lead a massive march to Alabama’s capitol in order to create nation support of federal voting rights. Towards the closing of the decade, in 1968, Martin Luther King was assassinated in Tennessee. He was also put great efforts to eliminate poverty, and spoke out against the Vietnam War. The Beatles The Beatles were the big names of music industry in the sixties. The group came together in the early sixties, and included John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr, who’s stage name was Richard Starkey. The were also referred to as the Quarry Men, Johnny and the Moondogs, and many other titles. Famous songs consist of “I Want to Hold Your Hand,” “Strawberry Fields Forever,” “Hey Jude,” “Help,” “Yesterday,” and many more. The Beatles stood for the new times, youth, and love. John Fitzgerald Kennedy John Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States, presiding over the country from 1961 to 1963. Kennedy was a part of the Kennedy political "dynasty" whose famous relatives include Robert and Edward Kennedy. While president, JFK's main problem involved the Russians who were experiementing with nuclear weapons. Kennedy also dealt with the Cuban missile crisis, during which the Russians threatened to launch nuclear bombs on the U.S. through Cuba. Using negotiation and threat of naval blockade, Kennedy sucessfully prevented the Russians from attacking us. Kennedy's promising political career was cut chort however when he was assasinated in 1963. Jackie Kennedy Onassis Jackie Kennedy Onassis, wife of John Kennedy and First Lady was remembered as a contributor to the preservation of the arts and a fashion icon. Onassis was well know for the restoration of the White House where she made the mansion a much more family friendly place, which suited her own personal style. Jackie Kennedy Onassiss was also known as a fashion icon who was so popular for her clean style that the "Jackie" style was named after her. After John Kennedy's death in 1963, Jackie Kennedy married Aristotle Onassis, a shipping magnate. external image jackie_onassis_main.jpg

Muhammad Ali, sometime known by birth name Cassius Clay, was a three-time world champion boxer. As a fighter, Ali won a gold medal at the 1960 Olympics in Rome and became the first man to win three world championships when he won his third in 1967. However, Ali was also known for is refusal of the Vietnam War draft. After converting to Islam in 1964, Ali adopted his new name as well as the principles of the Quran. When the Vietnam War draft started Ali was called four times and he refused each time, stating that the war was against his Islamic principles. He was arrested and called to court. The case eventually made it up to the Supreme Court, where the earlier convictions were reversed. Muhammed Ali was one of the greatest boxers of all time, yet he also stood for the principles and ideas he knew were right.
 * Muhammad Ali**

Fidel Castro is a major political figure in Cuba, serving as Prime Minister from 1959 to 1976 and President from 1976 to 2008. Castro gained fame as the leader of the Cuban Revolution, which was a revolt in 1959 that led to the overthrow of the Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista. Castro was also the leader during the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961, where U.S. forces tried unsuccessfully to invade Cuba. He also led the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 which was called off after negotiations with President Kennedy. Castro still remains a figure in Cuba today, as the First Secretary of the Communist Party. Audrey Hepburn was an actress and humanitarian in the 1960s. Her first big film was Roman Holiday in 1953 which propelled her to Hollywood stardom. Other famous films include Breakfast at Tiffany's, My Fair Lady and Funny Face. However, Hepburn also became famous for her charitable acts, including her extensive work with UNICEF in several impoverished nations. Hepburn died in 1993 of cancer. **Marilyn Monroe** Marilyn Monroe, formally Norma Jeane Mortenson, was born in June 1926, in California. She spent the first part of her life in an orphanage, but eventually, by a chance discovery, she was made a model. She took up an interest in acting, and soon enough signed her first contract in August 26, 1946. Soon after, she dyed her hair blonde, changed her name, and became the classic 1960’s actress she was known for being.
 * Fidel Castro**
 * Audrey Hepburn**

Neil Armstrong was the first man to successfully land on the moon. Born in August, 1930, he was given his pilot license at age sixteen. Armstrong was always fascinated by planes and other aircrafts, but began working with NASA. He was given astronaut status in 1962, and completed his famous moon trip in March 1966. He served a command pilot for the mission, Gemini 8. He completed his well-known mission with David Scott
 * Neil Armstrong**



The 1960's held two Olympic games. the Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy, and the winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, USA. The Summer Olympics that were held in Rome in 1960, later became known as the Games of the XVII Olympiad. 83 nations competed in these Olympics. The Soviet Union (Russia) took first place, the USA took second, and the host nation of Italy took third. The Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, California (near Lake Tahoe), took place in 1960, and later became known as the VIII Olympic Winter Games. A total of 30 nations competed in these Olympics. The Soviet Union (Russia) took first place, Germany took second, and USA took third. **
 * Olympics

Infamous People
The 60’s were filled with famous actors, musicians, super heroes and hippies. The infamous people did not define the 60’s, but were a large part. The villains and assassins were not good people throughout this era, but rather a face of evil that when most people heard or read about, were not happy. On the other hand, the hippies/singers gave this era character, for if they did not make an impact on the world, there would be certain changes that occurred even today. The murderers were awful to hear about, but when people heard John Lennon on the radio, it brought happy feelings to their mind to know people still cared about equality, war and discrimination.

Top 5 Arrests
-Charles Manson (arrested several times for killing) FBI's Ten Most Wanted include: John William Clouser Charles Lee Herron Taylor Morris Teaford Byron James Rice

Charles Manson

Killers and Assasins
Charles Manson- He is one of the most infamous people in history, he formed a group of followers that would grant him any wish,including murder.Charles Manson never acually killed any one but members of his cult did under his command. All together his cult killed nine people including the LaBlancas and the Tates.He was assosiated with the term Helter Skelter which origonated from a beatles song.

The Boston Strangler- he was a killer in the 1960's who killed over 13 women between the ages of 18-85, his real name was Albert DeSalvo

Lee Harvey Oswald-Lee Harvey Oswald assassinated John F. Kennedy November 2, 1963

James Earl Ray assassinated Martin Luther King Jr. in 1969

Villains
In the 1960's batman was taking the world by storm,the comic based television show was full of villians, one of batmans many nemisis was the joker he was known for being an infamous and evil character.

Hippies and Singers
-James Browne was a singer/songwriter and also an activist -Bob Dylan was a singer/songwriter and felt strongly about equality, racial issues and war issues -Joan Baez was a singer/songwriter and also an activist. She was arrested several times for her actions in anti-war rallies and protests -John Lennon was a member of the “Beatles”, and was an anti war singer/songwriter. He also sang about peace and love and how to make the world a better place -Neil Young wrote and sang about anti war issues and equality

Joan Baez singing with Bob Dylan James Browne

Neil Young John Lennon

Sources: http://www.hippy.com/article-197.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Manson ( http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/FBI_Ten_Most_Wanted_Fugitives,_1960s ) http://www.thisdayinrock.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/james-brown-2.jpg http://canadianfermentation.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/manson1a.jpg http://www.kurzyproucitele.cz/downloads/2/6.jpg http://www.fossilmuseum.net/consciousness/rp/musinimages/Joan_Baez_Bob_Dylan.jpg http://irom.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/johnlennon1.jpg http://starling.rinet.ru/music/sleeves/zap_young.jpg

Fashion and Trends
The fashion a trends for the 1960s were pretty different compared to the styles we have today. Altough, we have been influenced by the styles of this decade in our high fashion industry. One thing was that women wore miniskirts, hot pants, and go go boots. The style of their haircuts were also different they had something called a bouffant hairstyle, which was a very tall bun on the top of their head. Or women wore short bobs that hit just a tiny bit shorter than their shoulders. Men styles were also very different. One thing that was very much in style was Nehru jackets they were sort of like a high collared shirts. Men’s hairstyles varied from crew cuts to afros. During the 60's Hippies were becomes a huge style during this time.

Fads
Lava Lamps Surfing Flower Power Platform Shoes Clackers James Bond Tanning cream Wide Belts Peace Symbol Rickie Tickie Stickers Love Beads Tie Dye Smiley Faces Hair Ironing Granny Glasses The Twist media type="youtube" key="LVQ0MXp-8ds" height="295" width="480" As time passes on throughout a decade certain sayings resonate through the youth and go down in history. Most of the time they are from funny t.v. shows of that era. In the 60's they were things like: "Don't get wigged out !" " Can you dig it?" " Far Out!" " Make love not war" " The end is nowhere man" " Psychedelic" "Sex, drugs and rock n' roll!" " If it feels good, do it!" Qoutes like these came from memorable episodes of the hit comdey show Rowan & Martin's Laugh-in: "Sock it to me!" " Here come de judge" "Verrry Eeen-ter-estting!" [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []
 * Sources:**

-three Olympic games were held throughout the 60's -Squaw Valley, USA hosted the Winter Games in 1960 -Squaw Valley was a town with no mayor, a ski resort with one chair lift and a lodge with only fifty rooms, and to this day many people wonder how the International Olympic Committee chose this town

Technology
One of the largest areas of advancement in the 1960s was in space travel. In 1960, the first weather satellite was launched by the US. In 1961 Yuri Gagarin, a Russian, became to very fist human ever in space. Another great technological feat was the very first Communications satellite and was made by the American company Teslar in 1962. Also ing 1962, the Venus probe was launched by the US and was the first planetary probe which means that this spacecraft was made to explore space. Next in the line of space fame was the ‘first person outside a space vehicle’, a Russian by the name of Aleksei Leonov in 1965. Fourth, the Russian space craft, the Luna 9, becomes the first manmade object to land on the moon in 1966. The Luna 9 landed successfully. Also in 1966, the first space dock happened when the US craft Gemini VIII docked successfully with an orbiting satellite. But to many the most important of space advancements, was the first manned moon landing in 1969 by Americans Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin when Armstrong said the iconic lines ‘One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind'.

Yuri Gagarin

Of course, many other technological advancements were made in the 60s. For example the very first internet transmission was the word ‘LOGIN’ on October 29, 1969 by Leonard Kleinrock. When the first two letters got to the second computer 350 miles away, the computer crashed and the first message ever sent over the internet was ‘LO’. At the time, the 'Internet' was called ARPANET which stands for the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network and was built for the Defense Department during the Cold War.

Another invention, one which would change the way music was listened too for decades to come, was the tape cassette. The tape cassette was invented in the Netherlands in 1963. Once the tape cassette was invented, the tape player followed and then the portable tape cassette player. The portable cassette play was the 'iPod' of the 60s and would later be the ancestor of many other portable music devices such as the portable CD player and the iPod. Speaking of CDs, the Compact Disk made its first appearance in in 1965 by American, James Russell. Also, the first portable calculator was made in 1967 by Texas Instruments.

A Cassette Tape

Leonard Kleinrock with the computer that sent the first internet transmission

Sources

http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1960s.html Upfront magazine, part of the New York Times, October 5, 2009, 'The Internet Turns 40' http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_probe http://my.execpc.com/~culp/space/YuriGagarin.jpg http://agreenfire.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/cassette-tape.jpg http://www.livinginternet.com/g/kleinrock_imp3.jpg

=Sports= The 1960's held many events in the world of sports. Including two Olympics,** the Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy, and the winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, USA. ** The Summer Olympics that were held in Rome in 1960, later became known as the Games of the XVII Olympiad. 83 nations competed in these Olympics. The Soviet Union (Russia) took first place, the USA took second, and the host nation of Italy took third. **

-Wilma Rudolph (the one who looks like Ms. Champion) won three gold medals in track and field in one Olympic Game in Rome: She suffered from polio, pneumonia, and scarlet fever as a child

The Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, California (near Lake Tahoe), took place in 1960, and later became known as the VIII Olympic Winter Games. A total of 30 nations competed in these Olympics. The Soviet Union (Russia) took first place, Germany took second, and USA took third. Bill Disney (speed skater), and Lidya Skoblikova (speed skater) in Squaw Valley.

Below are a list of interesting events that took place in the world of sports throughout the 1960's:\

-The first Superbowl took place in 1967 Green Bay Packer vs. Kansas City Chiefs Green Bay: 35 Chiefs: 10

-Muhammad Ali ( Cassius Clay), won the World Heavyweight Boxing Championship Muhammad Ali (above)

-Roger Maris hit a record 61 home runs, this record wasn't broken until 1998 by Mark McGuire Roger Maris (above)

-1962, Jackie Robinson was the first African American to play in the MLB Jackie Robinson (above)

Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidiya_Skoblikova http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/di/bill-disney-1.html http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ro-Sc/Rudolph-Wilma.html http://www.olympic.org/en/content/Olympic-Athletes/All-Athletes/Athletes-RN-to-RZ/-Wilma-RUDOLPH-/ http://www.jackierobinson.com/ http://www.baseball-almanac.com/feats/feats12b.shtml http://www.ali.com/ http://football.about.com/cs/superbowl/a/bl_superbowl1.htm

**Movies** Some popular movies from the 60's were: - The Sound of Music (1965) - Marry Poppins (1964) - Psycho (1960) - To Kill a Mockingbird (1962) - 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) - The Wild Bunch (1969) - Lawrence of Arabia (1962) - Midnight Cowboy (1969) - The Jungle Book (1967) - 101 Dalmatians (1961)

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In the 60's, movies were becoming more and more political. Movies in the 60's were mostly made to comment on the arms race and the Vietnam war. Many movies were made to entertain people, but also to expose people to the "outside world." As time came by, more and more movies focused on sex and violence. At this time, violent movies gained popularity. People at the time wanted more and more "radical movies." For example, the James Bond series were beginning to be popular because of its action and violence. On the other hand though, Disney was making very popular animated movies, including 101 Dalmatians and the Jungle Book. The movie industry did not only entertain thousands of people, but also created many jobs for people. Mary Poppins - A Spoon Full of Sugar:

Sources

http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1960s.html

Upfront magazine, part of the New York Times, October 5, 2009

Sports
Some of the well known athletes in the 1960’s were:



Wilt Chamberlin

Muhamed Ali

Johnny Unitas

__Amazing Sporting events in the 1960’s__

1968 Olympics where Tommie Smith, and John Carlos protested civil rights by raising their arms at the podium and some apparel that symbolized different aspects of blacks in the US, at the time.

NASCAR opened in Charlotte, North Carolina and Atlanta, Georgia.

The New York Yankees hit a record 193 home runs during the season, winning their twenty-fifth American League pennant.

The second annual National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) soccer championship is won by Saint Louis University, 5-2, over the University of Connecticut.

Mets one the World Series.

Sports in the 60's had very many well known stars. To some many of the listed athletes were there role model and idol. They broke records, did the impossible, and all of them will be remembered forever. Some may argue that these athletes were the best america had seen, or the best decade of sports. It truly was an **extraordinary year for sports, and all of the athletes will never be forgotten.**

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Music
In the 1960s the top 10 music groups were

1. The Beatles 2. The Beach Boys 3. The Rolling Stones 4. The Four Seasons 5. The Supremes 6. The Drifters 7. The Miracles 8. The Four Tops 9. The Temptations 10. The Doors

Information on the top 3 music groups of the 60s:

-The Beatles were a rock group formed in the 1950s. The people in the Beatles were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. All of these members of the Beatles were born in Liverpool, England. The group felt that they had hit their peak in the 1960s and stopped making music in the 1970s. -The Beach Boys were a another big rock group, but unlike the Beatles they did not stop playing music until the late 1990s. They sold over 65 million records worldwide. Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson originally formed the Beach Boys, but later more members were added. -The Rolling Stones were formed in 1962 with the members Mick Jagger, Charlie Watts, Keith Richards, Brian Jones, and Bill Wyman. Unlike a lot of the bands from the 1960s the Rolling Stones didn't stop playing and making music for a long time.

Music is usually written to express people feelings. In the 1960's, many artists wrote music about social issues like: drugs (LSD being the most popular), war(specifically Vietnam), Racism, and freedom and tolerance. Some popular songs about these issues include: Purple haze - Jimi Jendrix(Drugs-LSD), Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds - The Beatles(Drugs-LSD), Revolution - The Beatles(Vietnam), For what it's worth - Buffalo Springfield(Vietnam), America - Simon and Garfunkel(drugs), White Rabbit - Jefferson airplane(drugs), Buffalo Solider - Bob Marley(racism), Bad Moon Rising - Credence clear Water Revival(Vietnam), Blown in the wind - Bob Dylan(racism.)

__**The top 100 songs in the 60's were**__: 2. Louie Louie - Kingsmen 3. I Heard It Through The Grapevine - Marvin Gaye 4. (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction - Rolling Stones 5. Like A Rolling Stone - Bob Dylan 6. Hey Jude - Beatles 7. Good Vibrations - Beach Boys 8. You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin' - Righteous Brothers 9. My Girl - Temptations 10. Light My Fire - Doors 11. She Loves You - Beatles 12. You Really Got Me - Kinks 13. In The Midnight Hour - Wilson Pickett 14. Sunshine Of Your Love - Cream 15. Purple Haze - Jimi Hendrix 16. A Day In The Life - Beatles 17. Papa's Got A Brand New Bag - James Brown 18. Whole Lotta Love - Led Zeppelin 19. My Generation - The Who 20. All Along The Watchtower - Jimi Hendrix 21. Mr. Tambourine Man - Byrds 22. Proud Mary - Creedence Clearwater Revival 23. Dock Of The Bay - Otis Redding 24. When A Man Loves A Woman - Percy Sledge 25. I Want To Hold Your Hand - Beatles 26. A Whiter Shade Of Pale - Procol Harum 27. House Of The Rising Sun - Animals 28. Yesterday - Beatles 29. Be My Baby - Ronettes 30. Where Did Our Love Go - Supremes 31. Somebody To Love - Jefferson Airplane 32. I Saw Her Standing There - Beatles 33. Green Onions - Booker T. & the MGs 34. The Sounds Of Silence - Simon & Garfunkel 35. I Want You Back - Jackson 5 36. Soul Man - Sam & Dave 37. I Get Around - Beach Boys 38. Reach Out, I'll Be There - Four Tops 39. Gimme Some Lovin' - Spencer Davis Group 40. Ain't Too Proud To Beg - Temptations 41. All Day And All Of The Night - Kinks 42. Mony Mony - Tommy James & the Shondells 43. Jumpin' Jack Flash - Rolling Stones 44. Born To Be Wild - Steppenwolf 45. Oh, Pretty Woman - Roy Orbison 46. White Room - Cream 47. Sympathy For The Devil - Rolling Stones 48. Ticket To Ride - Beatles 49. The Tracks Of My Tears - Miracles 50. California Dreamin' - The Mamas & the Papas 51. Eight Miles High - Byrds 52. For What It's Worth - Buffalo Springfield 53. Strawberry Fields Forever - Beatles 54. Nights In White Satin - Moody Blues 55. Heart Full Of Soul - Yardbirds 56. People Get Ready - Impressions 57. Honky Tonk Women - Rolling Stones 58. Bad Moon Rising - Creedence Clearwater Revival 59. Suite: Judy Blue Eyes - Crosby, Stills & Nash 60. Stand By Me - Ben E. King 61. Revolution - Beatles 62. Surfin' USA - Beach Boys 63. Glad All Over - Dave Clark Five 64. It's All Right - Impressions 65. Blowin' In The Wind - Bob Dylan 66. Will You Love Me Tomorrow - Shirelles 67. Georgia On My Mind - Ray Charles 68. Dazed And Confused - Led Zeppelin 69. Gimme Shelter - Rolling Stones 70. Bring It On Home To Me - Sam Cooke 71. You've Really Got A Hold On Me - Miracles 72. A Hard Day's Night - Beatles 73. Paint It Black - Rolling Stones 74. You Keep Me Hangin' On - Supremes 75. Wild Thing - Troggs 76. She's Not There - Zombies 77. I Feel Fine - Beatles 78. The Loco-Motion - Little Eva 79. Crazy - Patsy Cline 80. The Times They Are A'Changin' - Bob Dylan 81. Do You Believe In Magic - Lovin' Spoonful 82. Psychotic Reaction - Count Five 83. I'm A Believer - Monkees 84. Dancing In The Street - Martha & the Vandellas 85. God Only Knows - Beach Boys 86. The Letter - Box Tops 87. The Wanderer - Dion 88. Under The Boardwalk - Drifters 89. Touch Me - Doors 90. Time Of The Season - Zombies 91. A Change Is Gonna Come - Sam Cooke 92. Gloria - Them / Shadows Of Knight 93. Runaround Sue - Dion 94. Crying - Roy Orbison 95. In My Life - Beatles 96. Waterloo Sunset - Kinks 97. 96 Tears - ? & the Mysterians 98. I Can See For Miles - The Who 99. Don't Worry Baby - Beach Boys 100. I Got You (I Feel Good) - James Brown **
 * 1. Respect - Aretha Franklin

[|Source for top 100 songs]

1. The Beatles 2. James Brown 3. The Supremes 4. The Beach Boys 5. The Rolling Stones 6. Bob Dylan 7. Aretha Franklin 8. Sam Cooke 9. Jimi Hendrix 10. Ray Charles 1. Sgt Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967) - The Beatles 2. Pet Sounds (1966) - The Beach Boys 3. Revolver (1966) - The Beatles 4. Highway 61 Revisited (1965) - Bob Dylan 5. Rubber Soul (1965) - The Beatles 6. Are You Experienced (1967) - Jimi Hendrix Experience 7. Blonde On Blonde (1966) - Bob Dylan 8. Abbey Road (1969) - The Beatles 9. Live At The Apollo (1962) - James Brown 10. Tommy (1969) - The Who
 * __The top 10 artists of the 60's were__**
 * __The top 10 albums in the 60's were__**

Over the years, music has drastically changed and taken on different forms. As time progresses new forms of music become popular, and while some styles stay popular, others fade away as do the artists that made them. It is clear that music in the 1960's was based solely upon the social issues of that time. Racism, drugs, woman's rights, and the Vietnam War, were the biggest social issues of the 60's. Because of the drug problems, the 1960's easily took on the name "The Swinging Sixties," and that is truly what it was.

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**__Politics in the 1960's__**
Born May 29, 1917 in Brookline Massachusetts. He later went to Choate boarding school for high school. From there Kennedy began school at Princeton in 1935, but drops out later in the year due to illness. Kennedy joins the Navy in 1941. Wins the Purple Heart of heroics after a Japanese destroyer rams his ship. He is discharged June 17, 1946, shortly after the death of his older brother Joseph is killed during an air force mission over Europe. In November 1946 he is elected to the House of Representatives where he stays for three terms. During Kennedy’s second term he is diagnosed with Addison’s disease, which is kept from the public. In November 1952 JFK is elected to the Senate. Shortly after he marries his wife Jacqueline Bovier. His daughter is born November 27, 1957 a year before he is reelected to the Senate.
 * __John F. Kennedy__**

First born in his family on August 27, 1908 in Stonewall, Texas in the farmhouse on their property. At fifteen Lynden graduated form high school in 1924. Three years later after working several odd jobs in Texas he returned home to Texas and attended Southwestern Texas State. He graduated with a B.S. degree. He later moved to Washington after being asked to work as a secretary for Richard Kleberg in November 1931. After three years of hard work Johnson decides to enter the world of politics and enrolls in Georgetown University. On a visit back to Texas he meets a woman named Claudia Taylor and marries her two months later. In 1937 Lynden was elected to congress. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor Johnson becomes one of the first active congressmen to join the armed forces. Johnson wins a silver star for air fore duty before Roosevelt asks all congressman to return to their chairs in Washington. Johnsons daughters where born two years apart on March 19, 1944 and July 2, 1947. “Landslide Johnson” was elected to senate in an election that was not even close; he was reelected to senate for a second term. Eisenhower asked Johnson to work with the U.N. to create an act for peaceful exploration of space, which was named the National Astronauts and Space exploration act of 1958.
 * __Lyndon B. Johnson__**

On January 9, 1913 Richard Nixon was born in Yorba Linda, California. In the fall of 1930 Nixon attends Whittier College. With an interest in law Nixon attends Duke in 1934 after graduating from Whittier. On January 21, 1940 Nixon marries Thelma Catherine Ryan. Richard Nixon joins the navy in 1943 where he is based in the South Pacific as a transport ground officer. Nixon is elected to congress on January 3, 1947 where he will stay until 1950 when he is elected to senate. Lynden Johnson is elected as Vice President of the United States under Dwight Eisenhower for two terms. During a trip to South American, in 1953, he faces “anti- Nixon” riots in Lima, Peru and Caracas, Venezuela. Right before the turn of the decade and the new elections Nixon goes to the U.S.S.R. where he has the “kitchen debate” against Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev.
 * __Richard Nixon__**

o July 1960, John Kennedy wins democratic nomination and chooses former running mate, Lynden Johnson as vice presidential canidate. o November 8, 1960, John Kennedy defeats Nixon o March 1961, Kennedy announces the creation of the Peace Corps to the U.S. o April 1961, U.S. attempts back invasion of Cuba, ending at the Bay of Pigs. An attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro with Cuban exiles. o June 1961, Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev hold a summit in Vienna. o August 1961, U.S. and South American countries join the Alliance for progress, an alliance established by Kennedy to create economic cooperation between North and South America. o March 1962, Kennedy stops price increase on steal. o October 28, 1962, Soviet Union removes missiles from Cuba after request from United States. o August 5, 1983, U.S. and Soviet Union both agree to ban nuclear weapon testing. o Early November 1963, U.S. overthrows South Vietnam government and replaces is with a military dictatorship. o November 22, 1963, John F. Kennedy is assassinated in Dallas, Texas by Lee Harvey Oswald, who was later assassinated by Jack Ruby. o November 22, 1963 Vice President Lynden Johnson becomes the President of the United States o 1964, U.S.S.R. leader Khrushchev is replaced by Prime Minister Kosygin o January 9, 1964, Lynden Johnson begins “The War on Poverty” o July 2 1964, Johnson signs the Civil Rights act of 1964, which extended voting rights to African Americans and banned racial segregation in schools. o August 2, 1964 North Vietnam attacks a U.S. destroyer, which allows the president to increase presidential powers in that area. o November 3, 1964 Lynden Johnson wins election against Berry Goldwater in place of John Kennedy and gets to keep is full term as president. o March 3, 1965, Johnson signs the Appalachian Program, which allows 1.1 Billion dollars to go to eleven states to help end poverty. o April 7, 1965, Johnson makes John Hopkins speech talking about ending Vietnam War. o July 3 1965, Johnson signs Medicare Act. o February 6, 1966 Johnson hold meeting with South Vietnamese Premier Ky about social reform in Vietnam. o September 1966, Civil Rights Bill ending housing discrimination fails to pass through congress. o 1967, The Israeli- Arab war begins. o June 13 1967, Johnson nominates Thurgood Marshall, who becomes the first African American Supreme Court Justice. o July 23, 1967, A racial uproar occurs in Detroit, Michigan. o March 31, 1968, Johnson looses the New Hampshire primary and states that he will not be running for a second term. o April 4, 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated. o June 6 1968, Robert “Bobbie” Kennedy is assassinated shortly after winning the Democratic spot in the primaries. o June 16, 1968, The U.N. embraces the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. o October 31, 1968, Johnson stops bombing from North Vietnam. o November 6, 1968, Richard Nixon is elected president. o March 17 1969, Nixon orders bombing in Cambodia to destroy North Vietnamese supply routes. o July 20, 1969, Apollo 11 lands on the moon after much work with Kennedy before the assassination. o July 25, 1969, Nixon creates, The “Nixon Doctrine” to help Asian allies provide military aid and arms but the countries must provide their own forces. o November 3, 1969, Nixon makes the policy of “Vietnamization” stating that the U.S. will provide aid and arms to South Vietnam but will withdraw United States troops. [] [] [] [] []
 * __1960’s Political Timeline__**
 * __Sources__**

**Top Five Natural Disasters**
1. On February 29,1960, the Agadir earthquake shook Morocco. It hit about 5.7 on the richter scale, and killed 15,000 people. At this time, that was about 15% of the population of Agadir. Although it had a low magnitude, the epicenter was very close to the town, devastating most buildings. To attempt to help the situation, the town was evacuated to try to stop the spread of disease.

2. In 1962 the Bou'in Zahra earthquake hit the settlement Bou’in Zahra, in Qazvin Province, Iran. 12,000 fatalities were recorded from the huge, 7.1 magnitude quake. Also 35% of the livestock was killed, leaving the people of the small villages homeless, and without food. Relief efforts were miniscule, but helped a tiny bit. Other countries donated blankets, water, and other necessities, but not much effort was put in to helping out the small villages.

3. The Palm Sunday Tornado Outbreak happened on April 11, 1965 in Indiana and had a total of 47 tornados. It was one of the biggest outbreaks of Midwest. 271 people died, and over 3,000 were injured. Experts at the Federal Weather Bureau looked into what caused these tornados to be so destructive and found that even thought the few radar stations that were close by picked up on the storm, the warning system ultimately failed at getting the warning out to the people.

4. In 1965, Hurricane Inez tore through Lesser, Antilles, Hispaniola, Cuba, the Bahamas, and Florida. Inez was one of the deadliest hurricanes on record, and had a death toll of over 1,000... although the exact fatality rate is unknown, the aftermath was devastating. The damage later was estimated at approximately 1.2 billion U.S dollars. According to reports, Haiti suffered some of the worse damage. With over 750 deaths, and 4 million U.S dollars in estimated damage, the small country was torn apart.

5. Dasht-e Bayaz and Ferdows Earthquake started on August 31, 1968. The magnitude measured in at about 7.3 and obliterated five villages in the Dasht-e Bayaz area. After the initial tremor, a very strong after shock came through measuring in at 6.4 in magnitude, knocking over everything that had survived through the first earthquake. More than 170 villages were effected by these dual-disasters.

Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Agadir_earthquake http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Bou%27in-Zahra_earthquake http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965_Palm_Sunday_tornado_outbreak http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Inez http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasht-e_Bayaz_and_Ferdows_earthquake http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/events/1960_02_29.php http://celebrating200years.noaa.gov/foundations/severe_weather/image4_650.jpg http://www.wunderground.com/data/dhc_archive_charts/at_1966_charts/at196609.gif

=Big Events 1960’s=
 * **First Televised Presidential Debates (1960)**
 * The John F. Kennedy Represented the Democratic party and the republicans nominated Richard Nixon. Nixon previously went to terms under President Dwight Eisenhower. With the new technology of television, both parties agreed to have the debates on television. They were the first presidents to debate on television, none of the previous debates had been aired nationally except those aired on the radio. The debates occurred September 29, 1960, in Chicago, Illinois. Nixon pushed on the fact that he has experience in the office as vice president and that he has extensive knowledge about foreign policy. Kennedy stressed how he has experience in congress and that he can handle office just better than Nixon. Many of the radio listeners complemented Nixon for his precision on his great knowledge of the issues. Those who watch the debates on television didn’t focus to much on the point they were making verbally, they really like how composed he was. He looked directly at the camera when he was answering questions, he was not sweating, and he appeared relaxed. They believe he appeared smooth overall. Nixon appeared to perspire much, which made the people believe he had a lot of pressure on questions that he could’ve easily been answered. The pundits that seen the election thought it was a sure victory for Kennedy. Later in November Kennedy won the election and Nixon lost his election for governor of California 2 years later.
 * [[image:kennedy-1.jpg width="213" height="172"]]
 * **Soviets Send First Man To Space (1961)**
 * At 0700BST, Major Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin was launched from Baikonur launch pad in Kazakhstan, Soviet central Asia, in the space craft Vostok. Major Gagarin orbited the Earth for 108 minutes travelling at more than 17,000 miles per hour before landing at an undisclosed location. The Soviets beat the U.S to send a man into outer space.
 * **The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)**
 * The Cuban Missile Crisis was very close to nuclear warfare. Soviet commanders were prepared to use nuclear weapons if the island of Cuba was invaded. The Soviets were behind the U.S in nuclear capabilities. The Soviet Union was only capable to send their nuclear bombs to Europe, the Americans could get theirs all the way to the Soviet Union. Fidel Castro approved of Khrushchev's plan to place missiles on the island because he was looking for protection. In the Summer of 1962, the soviets worked very quick and silently to build its nuclear arsenal. The United States crisis began in October, 1962. President Kennedy received information about the installations and instantly created a group called EX-COMM. Later when they began to settle down, Khrushchev announced that he would take down his installations and take back the missiles to the Soviet Union, showing his trust that the U.S would not invade Cuba.
 * **Heavy Weight Championship (1964)**
 * One of the biggest boxing upsets occurred in 1964. Sony Linston and Cassius Clay aka Muhammad Ali had a boxing match for the Heavy Weight Title. Every one expected a blowout for Linston, but Cassius clay made him retreat in the third round. Linston’s eye was swollen with blood. The match occurred at 0310 GMT at theConvention Hall in the Miami Beach.
 * .[[image:Mohammad_ali.jpg width="284" height="299"]]
 * **First Super Bowl (1967)**
 * The first super bowl premiered the Green Bay Packers and the Kansas City Chiefs. The Idea of calling the championship super bowl came from the Lamar Hunt, architech of afl and owner of Kansas City Chief, when he heard about his Daughter’s Super Ball he thought about why not calling it super bowl. The super bowl was estimated to have 61, 946 fans and 61,000,000 viewers on television
 * .[[image:super_bowl.jpg]]
 * **Martin Luther King Jr. Assassinated (1968)**
 * On April 4, 1968 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. The bullet hit a large piece of his jaw and neck. Dr. Martin Luther King was very dedicated to his non-violent protests. Martin Luther King Jr. strongly protested his non-violent movement, yet after he was assassinated, a lot of blacks joined the black panther party, began to carry loaded weapons, and started riots to try and force their rights.
 * [[file:the assassination of mlk.bmp]][[file:the assassination of mlk.bmp]]
 * [[file:the assassination of mlk.bmp]][[file:the assassination of mlk.bmp]]

Tom Bluher Perry DeMarche Erin Dooley Jaren Faleide Trevon Hamlet Sophia Hsiao Ellery Jones Spencer Negri Caroline Orr Natalie Riccihe Will Robbins Rachel Robinson Jessica Schaden Anders Soderberg Sinclair Toffa Henri Weyman

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